生物和古环境的相互作用：CIUGS过去全球变化专题讨论会...     

McLa.  DJ 吴丰昌 《地质地球化学》1990,(5):28-34

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Simulated infrared emission spectra of highly excited polyatomic molecules: a detailed model of the PAH-UIR hypothesis     

Cook DJ  Saykally RJ 《The Astrophysical journal》1998,(2):793-802

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The diffusive boundary layer of sediments: oxygen microgradients over a microbial mat     

Jorgensen BB  Des Marais DJ 《Limnology and oceanography》1990,35(6):1343-1355

Oxygen microelectrodes were used to analyze the distribution of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) at the sediment-water interface in relation to surface topography and flow velocity. The sediment, collected from saline ponds, was covered by a microbial mat that had high oxygen consumption rate and well-defined surface structure. Diffusion through the DBL constituted an important rate limitation to the oxygen uptake of the sediment. The mean effective DBL thickness decreased from 0.59 to 0.16 mm as the flow velocity of the overlying water was increased from 0.3 to 7.7 cm s-1 (measured 1 cm above the mat). The oxygen uptake rate concurrently increased from 3.9 to 9.4 nmol cm-2 min-1. The effects of surface roughness and topography on the thickness and distribution of the DBL were studied by three-dimensional mapping of the sediment-water interface and the upper DBL boundary at 0.1-mm spatial resolution. The DBL boundary followed mat structures that had characteristic dimensions > 1/2 DBL thickness but the DBL had a dampened relief relative to the mat. The effective surface area of the sediment-water interface and of the upper DBL boundary were 31 and 14% larger, respectively, than a flat plane. Surface topography thereby increased the oxygen flux across the sediment-water interface by 49% relative to a one-dimensional diffusion flux calculated from the vertical oxygen microgradients.  相似文献   

滇西昌宁-孟连带三叠纪花岗岩地球化学、年代学及其意义   总被引：12，自引：10，他引：2  

聂飞  董国臣  莫宣学  朱弟成  董美玲  王霞 《岩石学报》2012,28(5):1465-1476

癞痢头山、云岭和耿马岩体位于昌宁-孟连带的中北段,主要岩性为二长花岗岩,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,这三个岩体几乎同期侵位于约231Ma。这三个岩体的SiO₂含量为65.65%～67.68%,富钾(K₂O/Na₂O=2.71%～1.42%)和较低钙CaO(1.35%～2.98%),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.10～1.22,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La和LREE等元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr及Hf等高场强元素。这些特征表明3个岩体属于强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩。这三个岩体负且变化范围大的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-26.8～-8.2)和古老的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(1.2～2.7Ga),表明它们主要来源于古老地壳物质(如含长石和黑云母且贫粘土的杂砂屑岩)的重熔,并有不同程度的幔源物质加入。它们可能侵位于后碰撞背景,可能指示缅泰马微陆块与思茅地块的主体碰撞在232Ma之前(即晚三叠世之前)已经发生。  相似文献   

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩形成构造环境的地球化学鉴别   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

李文霞  赵志丹  朱弟成  董国臣  周肃  莫宣学  DePAOLO Don  DILEK Yildirim 《岩石学报》2012,28(5):1663-1673

本文对西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区夏鲁蛇绿岩中的基性岩石进行了元素地球化学研究。岩石为低钾亚碱性玄武质岩石,具有低TiO2(0.64%～1.5%)、低K2O(<0.69%)、富Na2O(2.5%～6.0%)、烧失量普遍较高(2.0%～7.5%)的特征,表明样品普遍遭受蚀变。岩石具有与N-MORB类似的稀土元素和总体一致的微量元素特征,但是岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示了洋脊玄武岩向着岛弧岩浆作用的过渡趋势。日喀则蛇绿岩不是典型的洋中脊成因,应为SSZ型蛇绿岩,可能形成于与洋内俯冲有关的SSZ型的弧后或者弧前盆地中。对东西延伸超过1500km的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩246套基性岩石形成的构造环境进行的地球化学判别,表明至少存在大陆岛弧型、地幔柱-洋内热点型、洋中脊-大洋岛弧型和典型大洋岛弧型等四种类型洋壳,揭示了特提斯洋存在多种构造环境的特征,有利于恢复和还原一个长期演化的、丰富的特提斯洋。  相似文献   

西藏聂荣微陆块早侏罗世中期花岗岩及其包体的岩浆混合成因:锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素证据   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

刘敏  赵志丹  管琪  董国臣  莫宣学  刘勇胜  胡兆初 《岩石学报》2011,27(7):1931-1937

西藏早侏罗世聂荣岩体中偏基性包体与酸性寄主岩的岩浆源区性质和岩石成因以及相互关系尚未得到很好约束,直接限制了对聂荣微陆块在早侏罗世特提斯构造岩浆演化中的作用的认识。为探讨这一问题,本文对采自聂荣地区的一对花岗岩及其闪长岩包体样品进行了锆石U-Pb定年和原位Hf同位素分析。寄主花岗岩的结晶年龄为185.1±1.5Ma,闪长岩包体的结晶年龄为183.6±1.1Ma,指示酸性岩浆和基性岩浆同时侵位。寄主花岗岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)值介于-17.8~-0.9,其Hf同位素地壳模式年龄变化于1.3~2.4Ga,闪长岩包体的锆石ε_Hf(t)值和Hf同位素地壳模式年龄值分别分布于-11.9~-2.9和1.4~2.0Ga,均表现出很大的变化范围。同时于~185Ma结晶的两种岩浆锆石Hf同位素的不均一性和继承锆石的出现,指示了聂荣微陆块早侏罗世中期发生了古老基底深熔或重熔的熔体和富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆间的混合,之后再与围岩混染的岩浆作用过程。  相似文献   

钨矿自然重砂矿物组合特征及其找矿意义     

张翔  董国臣  薄海军  韦少港  王鹏  张虹 《地质通报》2014,33(12):1918-1928

统计浙江、湖南、江西、湖北、新疆、青海、云南、广西、福建、河南、贵州、安徽、广东共计13个省(自治区)61个典型钨矿床(矿区)的自然重砂矿物报出情况,计算各重砂矿物的报出频率,分析得出矽卡岩型、热液型和斑岩型3种类型钨矿床所对应的自然重砂矿物组合及标型矿物组合。结果表明,不同类型的矿物组合既有相似处也有各自的代表标型。如此按照矿床类型建立的自然重砂矿物组合及其含量变化,对建立自然重砂找矿模型具有重要意义。  相似文献   

西藏北冈底斯巴尔达地区岩浆作用的成因:地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4  

张亮亮  朱弟成  赵志丹  董国臣  莫宣学  管琪  刘敏  刘美华 《岩石学报》2010,26(6):1871-1888

前人对西藏冈底斯中北部白垩纪岩浆岩的岩石成因和地球动力学背景仍然存在很多解释。本文报道了位于北冈底斯(拉萨地块北部)东段巴尔达地区的岩浆岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据,以对这一问题进行约束。巴尔达岩浆岩包括花岗闪长斑岩和安山玢岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,巴尔达岩浆岩侵位于～114Ma,是北冈底斯早白垩世岩浆岩的典型代表之一。巴尔达岩浆岩两种岩石均为高钾钙碱性系列,其中花岗闪长斑岩的SiO2为64.45%～67.52%,全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量为6.23%～7.47%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.98～1.22,为兼具I型特点的S型花岗岩;安山玢岩SiO2为57.50%～62.15%,K2O含量为2.30%～3.60%,MgO含量为2.27%～4.40%。两种岩石均富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,亏损高场强元素和Ba等。与冈底斯成熟大陆地壳相比,巴尔达岩浆岩具有更高的εNd(t)值(-7.8～-6.8)和相对低的(87Sr/86Sr)t值(0.7094～0.7105),并且具有不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-4.2～+3.3)和相对年轻的Hf模式年龄(639～975Ma)。锆石Hf同位素数据和锆石饱和温度(768～818℃)均显示幔源物质在巴尔达岩浆岩形成过程中发挥了重要作用。巴尔达岩浆岩可能是在南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈断离背景下,由上涌的软流圈提供热量诱发岩石圈地幔熔融产生幔源基性熔体侵位到上部地壳,并引发周围酸性物质的熔融混合,混合过程中幔源组分的输入使S型熔体向I型熔体转化。  相似文献   

Effect of wharves on intertidal assemblages on seawalls in Sydney Harbour, Australia     

Blockley DJ 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(4):409-427

Worldwide, urbanisation has resulted in extensive replacement of natural habitats with man-made habitats. In Sydney Harbour, Australia, approximately half of the natural foreshore has been replaced by seawalls. Many of these have wharves built over part of their length, which could affect intertidal assemblages on seawalls beneath the wharves. This was tested by sampling and comparing assemblages under and not under wharves in Sydney Harbour. Assemblages differed between the two habitats, with greater cover of macro-algae and abundance of grazing molluscs on seawalls without a wharf and, to a lesser extent, greater cover of sessile invertebrates on seawalls under a wharf. There was, however, considerable spatial variability among locations in composition of assemblages and the species dominating differences between the two habitats. The impact of multiple artificial structures in close proximity and the variability among apparently homogeneous artificial habitats must be considered for the management of urbanised estuaries.  相似文献   

Correlations between gastropod shell dissolution and water chemical properties in a tropical estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marshall DJ  Santos JH  Leung KM  Chak WH 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(4):422-429

Although poorly reported in the scientific literature, acidic waters characterize many South East Asian estuaries. The observation of shell dissolution in a typically marine gastropod whelk (Thais) prompted investigation into determining relationships between shell properties of this whelk and the water chemistry (including pH) of the Sungai Brunei estuary (Borneo) in which it occurs. Shell weight, shell length and topographical shell features were determined for populations of Thais gradata distributed along a gradient of pH and salinity ranging between 5.78 and 8.3 pH units, and 3.58 and 31.2psu. Shell weight varied independently of the co-varying acidity, salinity and calcium levels experienced. In contrast, shell length and a semi-quantitative variable based on shell sculpturing (shell erosion rank, SER) were significantly correlated with these water chemistry variables. This study brings attention to the potential use of estuarine organisms and systems in investigating current marine acidification questions.  相似文献